特殊句式(一)

　　一、强调句

　　强调句型由“It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”构成，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语;被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who和that均可，其他情况一律用that。

　　判断方法：将It is/was和that/who去掉，若剩下的部分仍然成立，则为强调句型;若不成立，则不是。

　　1.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?

　　Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch?

　　2.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他?

　　Who was it that broke the window?

　　3.not...until...结构的强调句型

　　其强调句式为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他。

　　He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock.

　　→It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.

　　注意：强调句型不能用来强调谓语，若要强调句子谓语动词，可将助动词do/does/did置于动词原形之前，用来加强语气。

　　He does like it.

　　I did tell you the news yesterday.

　　二、倒装句

　　1.完全倒装

　　(1)表示方位、地点的副词或介词短语，如：there, here, up, down, now, then, away, in, out, off等置于句首，且主语是名词时用完全倒装。

　　Here comes the first bus.

　　Out rushed a boy!

　　On top of the mountain stands a temple.

　　(2)主系表结构中作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such等置于句首时用完全倒装。

　　Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and many other guests.

　　Seated on the ground are a group of young people.

　　2.部分倒装

　　(1)“only+状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)”置于句首时用部分倒装。

　　Only in this way can you succeed.

　　(2)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时用部分倒装。

　　常见的这类词或短语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, not only, not until等。

　　Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

　　At no time should you touch it or get it hurt.

　　(3)so，neither, nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时用部分倒装。

　　Tom likes English. So do I.

　　I have never seen the film. Neither has he.

　　(4)在so/such...that...句型中，当so/such置于句首时，主句部分倒装。

　　So moved was she that she couldn't say a word.

　　(5)在if虚拟条件句中，当省略if时，应将were/had/should置于主语之前，形成部分倒装。

　　Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

　　(6)as/though意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。

　　Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.

　　Strange though it seems, it is true.

　　特殊句式(二)

　　三、省略

　　1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或状语从句的主语为it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

　　While (I was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.

　　I'll buy a TV set if (it is) necessary.

　　2.单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。否定形式用not to。

　　I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.

　　—Shall I go instead of him?

　　—I prefer you not to.

　　如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，则通常保留。

　　—Are you a sailor?

　　—No, but I used to be.

　　注意：定语从句中充当宾语的关系代词可以省略;多个宾语从句中的第一个连词that也可省略。

　　四、反意疑问句

　　1.形式：陈述句+简短问句。陈述部分用肯定形式时，附加问句用否定形式，反之亦然。

　　附加问句的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定，且主语需要是代词。

　　Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didn't they?

　　Everything that he says is true, isn't it?

　　He is never late for school, is he?

　　2.陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句用will you或won't you。以let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we;以let us/me开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。

　　Look at the blackboard, will/won't you?

　　Don't make any noise, will you?

　　Let's go to school, shall we?

　　3.陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must时，反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。

　　They must be sleeping then, weren't they?

　　注意：must后接完成式，若表示对过去情况的推测，附加问句中动词用didn't;若表示对已完成情况的推测，用haven't或hasn't。